This session provides a historical overview of how vaccine access and acceptance have been shaped by class, politics, and religious interpretation. It examines ethical considerations in vaccine development—including the use of pork-derived gelatin and fetal cell lines—and how these factors may disproportionately impact communities with higher rates of religious observance. Participants will explore the science behind vaccine development and compare the risks of vaccination with the risks of remaining unvaccinated, particularly for high-mortality diseases. The training also critically examines how bias—sometimes framed as religious obligation or personal freedom—can influence health decisions and contribute to inequitable outcomes. Grounded in a public health and equity lens, this session equips participants with a deeper understanding of how structural factors shape vaccine access, trust, and health disparities. Grounded in a public health and equity lens, this session equips participants with a deeper understanding of how structural factors shape vaccine access, trust, and health disparities.